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Environmetrika
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GMDe
Complex Sample Surveys
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Accuracy Assessments
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Global Forest Monitoring
About
GMDe Introduction
GMDe Summary
GMDe Overview
More
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  • GMDe
  • Complex Sample Surveys
  • Contact Us
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  • Accuracy Assessments
  • NFI
  • Global Forest Monitoring
  • About
  • GMDe Introduction
  • GMDe Summary
  • GMDe Overview
Environmetrika
  • Home
  • GMDe
  • Complex Sample Surveys
  • Contact Us
  • Applications
  • Accuracy Assessments
  • NFI
  • Global Forest Monitoring
  • About
  • GMDe Introduction
  • GMDe Summary
  • GMDe Overview

Accuracy Assessments

Environmetrika supports scientifically defensible accuracy assessments of remotely sensed data with complex sample surveys. 


The most common type of remotely sensed data is based on pixel-level predictions of categorical and continuous land-cover variables with multispectral data from earth-observing orbital satellites, such as Landsat. The reference data can be a multiphase/mutistage probability sample of field observations and higher resolution remotely sensed observations. 


The typical product is an ""error matrix", which is a contingency table that cross-classifies remotely sensed categories with categorical reference data. Environmetrika employs robust statistical estimators for complex sampling designs.

Relevant Publications, R.L. Czaplewski

  • Stehman, S.V. and Czaplewski, R.L., 1998. Design and analysis for thematic map accuracy assessment: Fundamental principles. Remote sensing of environment, 64(3), pp.331-344. 
  • Czaplewski, R.L. and Patterson, P.L., 2003. Classification accuracy for stratification with remotely sensed data. Forest Science, 49(3), pp.402-408. 
  • Czaplewski, R.L., 2010. Accuracy assessment with complex sampling designs. In: Tate, NJ; Fisher, PF, eds. Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences; Accuracy 2010 Symposium; July 20-23; Leicester, UK. Great Britain: University of Leicester, MPG Books Group. p. 174-176. (pp. 174-176). 
  • Zhu, Z., Yang, L., Stehman, S.V. and Czaplewski, R.L., 2000. Accuracy assessment for the US Geological Survey regional land-cover mapping program: New York and New Jersey region. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 66: 1425-1438., pp.1425-1438. 
  • Stehman, S.V. and Czaplewski, R.L., 2003. Introduction to special issue on map accuracy. Environmental and Ecological Statistics. 10: 301-308., pp.301-308. 
  • Czaplewski, R.L., 2003. Accuracy assessment of maps of forest condition. In Remote sensing of forest environments (pp. 115-140). Springer, Boston, MA. 
  • Czaplewski, R.L. and Catts, G.P., 1992. Calibration of remotely sensed proportion or area estimates for misclassification error. Remote sensing of Environment, 39(1), pp.29-43. 
  • Czaplewski, R.L., 2000. Accuracy assessments and areal estimates using two-phase stratified random sampling, cluster plots, and the multivariate composite estimator. Quantifying spatial uncertainty in natural resources: Theory and applications for GIS and remote sensing, pp.79-100. 
  • Czaplewski, R.L. and Patterson, P.L., 2001. Accuracy of remotely sensed classifications for stratification of forest and nonforest lands. In: Reams, Gregory A.; McRoberts, Ronald E.; Van Deusen, Paul C., eds. 2001. Proceedings of the second annual Forest Inventory and Analysis symposium; 2000 October 17-18; Salt Lake City, UT. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-47. Asheville, NC: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp. 32-42 (pp. 32-42). 
  • Mowrer, H.T., Czaplewski, R.L. and Hamre, R.H., 1996. Spatial accuracy assessment in natural resources and environmental sciences: second international symposium. General Technical Report RM-GTR-277. Fort Collins, CO: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 728 p., 277. 
  • Clerke, W., Czaplewski, R., Campbell, J. and Fahringer, J., 1996. Assessing the accuracy of a regional land cover classification. In: Mowrer, H. Todd; Czaplewski, Raymond L.; Hamre, RH, tech coords. Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences: Second International Symposium. May 21-23, 1996. General Technical Report RM-GTR-277. Fort Collins, CO: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. p. 508. (Vol. 277, p. 508). 
  • Zhu, Z., Ohlen, D.O., Czaplewski, R.L. and Burgan, R.E., 1996. Alternative method to validate the seasonal land cover regions of the conterminous United States. In: Mowrer, H. Todd; Czaplewski, Raymond L.; Hamre, RH, tech coords. Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences: Second International Symposium. May 21-23, 1996. General Technical Report RM-GTR-277. Fort Collins, CO: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. p. 409-418. (Vol. 277, pp. 409-418). 
  • Schreuder, H.T., Bain, S. and Czaplewski, R.C., 2003. Accuracy assessment of percent canopy cover, cover type, and size class. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-108. Fort Collins, CO: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 10 p., 108.
  •  Czaplewski, R.L., 1994. Variance approximations for assessments of classification accuracy. Res. Pap. RM-316. Fort Collins, CO: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 29 p., 316. 
  • Kalkhan, M.A., Reich, R.M. and Czaplewski, R.L., 1997. Variance estimates and confidence intervals for the Kappa measure of classification accuracy. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 23(3), pp.210-216. 

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